Community Health Department Investigation

Position of Aborigines for Conventions -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the situation of natives and locals under the Malaysian Laws and the International Conventions. Answer: Unique: In the current research paper an endeavor has been made to talk about the situation of the natives under the Malaysian law and furthermore under the International Conventions that are important in such manner. In the current time of globalization and modernization, the indigenous individuals need to endure a ton all through the globe as they are being pushed out of their hereditary terrains to clear a path for advancement exercises. If there should arise an occurrence of Malaysia likewise, the Orang Asli or the native individuals are politically underestimated and they're not in a position satisfactorily ensure their legitimate rights. The outcome was that these individuals were considered as occupants on their own genealogical land. The legitimate acknowledgment of the privileges of the native individuals occurred as Aboriginal Peoples Act, 1954. However, these arrangements should be considered in their recorded setting. They were presented when the British pioneer government was ma naging socialist insurrection. Aside from the authoritative developments, there have been sure choices given by the court that have stepped forward toward perceiving the lawful privileges of the native individuals of Malaysia. While giving these choices, the courts likewise considered the situation in different wards like Australia and Canada. There are worldwide shows like the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People that the individuals who work for guaranteeing the lawful privileges of the native individuals. Presentation: The privileges of the native individuals are insufficiently ensured in all the conditions of the world, if at all by the formal legitimate frameworks of these nations. While colossal improvement is made in the field of modernization and globalization, progressively the indigenous individuals are being pushed out of their genealogical terrains as the states keep on securing indigenous land with the end goal of advancement exercises. If there should arise an occurrence of Malaysia, the term 'Orang Asli' is utilized to allude the assorted assortment of indigenous individuals were living in peninsular Malaysia. The way of life and social orders of these individuals are firmly connected with their genealogical grounds. Be that as it may, they have become the survivors of countless advancement ventures started by the legislature of Malaysia, which infringe on their hereditary grounds (Crawford, 2001). Under these conditions, an endeavor has been made in the current research w ork to assess the situation of aboriginals and the local individuals in Malaysia under residential law and furthermore the global shows to which Malaysia is a gathering. The Orang Asli: It has been guaranteed that under the cutting edge Malaysian express, the Orang Asli have been politically minimized, and it couldn't satisfactorily secure the legitimate privileges of these individuals. Be that as it may, the weighty choice given in Sagong Tasi and Ors v Kerajaan Negeri Selangor and Ors (2002), the privileges of these individuals were perceived by the High Court and it was additionally referenced that the administration of Malaysia had certain commitments and obligations towards these individuals. Prior to this choice, the legislature of Malaysia considered the Orang Asli just as the inhabitants on their tribal land, who didn't have any title to the land and which once had a place with the administration of Malaysia. Under such conditions, the privileges of Orang Asli were helpless to repudiation by government whenever. Actually, this position was progressed in the court by the State administration of Selangor in the previously mentioned case additio nally (Bernama News Agency, 2003). In any case, this contention of the State government was excused by the court and be perceived that the Orang Asli had a local title under the customary law. The Orang Asli is under 0.5% of the multi-social and multi-ethnic culture of Malaysia. The term Orang Asli had been utilized just because by the provincial British government in Malaysia. The significance of this term is the 'first individuals' in Bahasa Malaysia, the local tongue of the Malays. It is likewise worth referencing that the land privileges of Orang Asli have not been officially classified by the law in Malaysia. Then again, these rights have either been disregarded or disintegrated by the government laws. For instance, the National Land Code, 1965 totally prevents the nearness from claiming the land privileges of Orang Asli under the previous legitimate framework. This code has been gotten from the Torrens land enlistment arrangement of Australia and gives that all the land is possessed by the Malaysian state. The people have private land intrigues simply after they are enrolled in the land vault. Then again, the land having a place with Orang Asli had been passed down c ustomarily from age to age. In this manner it follows past the land enrollment arrangement of Malaysia and thus it in fact has a place with the Malaysian State (Kingsbury, 2001 p89). Simultaneously, the land securing act likewise gives that the legislature of Malaysia may procure land. Whenever, which incorporates the land that is involved under standard appropriate for the destinations referenced in the Act. Article 3, Land Acquisition Act has been broadly deciphered by the courts in Malaysia. The legislature isn't required to determine the specific reason for which the gained land will be utilized. The statement made by the legislature that the land will be gained for an open reason can be tested distinctly because of the explanation that the administration as either dynamic mala fide or gone past its legal position and it merits referencing that both these grounds are hard to demonstrate (Nicholas, 2000). Native People's Act: The acknowledgment of the legal lawful privileges of the Orang Asli have been referenced in the Aboriginal People's Act, 1954. Be that as it may, these arrangements must be comprehended in their authentic setting. This enactment had been authorized by the Colonial Government when it needed to manage the socialist revolt during the pre-autonomy Malaya. The legislature knew about the way that Orang Asli people group with giving food, knowledge and other help to the Communist extremists (Yap, 2002)). A few people from these networks had even joined the Communists and waged war against the British. In this way, so as to prevail upon the help of Orang Asli, the Department of Aborigines was set up by the administration (Williams-Hunt, 1995). Correspondingly, it likewise settled 'wilderness posts' with the end goal of giving wellbeing instruction and government assistance to Orang Asli. The Aboriginal People's Act gives the ability to the Minister to announce a few piec es of land has been securing the native stores. In any case, it merits referencing now that under the Aboriginal People's Act, Orang Asli are not treated as the legitimate proprietors of these saved territories (Anaya, 1987). Likewise, they doesn't accommodate the installment of remuneration by the legislature of Malaysia on the off chance that these stores are procured. Henceforth, while Section 10 of this enactment gives that the administration of Malaysia will and should give remuneration in the event of gaining the yields of Orang Asli, it has just been referenced in segment 11 that pay 'might' be given by the specialists to getting stores or territories of the aboriginals (Wiessner, 1999 p58). Thusly, a level of watchfulness has been given to the experts in such manner. Ongoing Decisions: The ongoing choices given by the Malaysian courts have additionally attempted to give a formal legitimate acknowledgment to the rights appreciated by the Orang Asli inside the lawful framework where these rides were rejected till now. For instance, it was expressed by the Johore High Court in Adong Bin Kuwau and Ors v Kerajaan Negeri Johor and Anor (1997) that the local land privileges of Orang Asli can be perceived under the custom-based law. For coming to this end result, the court had considered the choices originating from a few other custom-based law nations like Australia and Canada where a conventional enlistment framework for land law is followed just like the case with Malaysia. The court additionally expressed that the privileges of Orang Asli, must be chosen, keeping in see the customs of the indigenous individuals. For this reason, the court refered to the milestone choice given in Mabo. Another earth shattering choice was given by the Selangor High Cou rt in Sagong Tasi and Ors v Kerajaan Negeri Selangor and Ors (2002). It was held that the local title of Orang Asli to the genealogical grounds existed under the custom-based law. Universal Conventions: Malaysia had decided in favor of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) and it is likewise embraced the result report from the World Conference on Indigenous People. In any case, it has not confirmed the ILO Convention 169. The ILO Convention 169 requires the countries to perceive the particular social and financial privileges of indigenous individuals. Essentially, likewise expects them to embrace uncommon measures to manage underestimated and helpless gatherings. Nonetheless, just 22 countries have endorsed this show, despite the fact that there are substantially more constitutions over the world, which gives a unique status to the native individuals of various degrees and with various ramifications. In such manner, there are three significant global instruments concentrating on the privileges of aboriginals (Stavenhagen, 2002). These are the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) and the two ILO Conventions Nos 160 and 107. It merits referencing that the arrangements referenced in UNDRIP and the ILO Convention 169 are good with one another and commonly fortifying. UNDRIP has brought about getting a striking general change the security that is given to the native individuals all through the world. The UN General Assembly received this assertion in 2007. It was passed by 143 states that have casted a ballot for the presentation. End: Malaysia was one of these states that h

Conversational Commerce Why Consumers are Embracing Voice Assistants

Conversational Commerce Why Consumers are Embracing Voice Assistants When I woke up this morning, the first thing I did was to ask Alexa, Amazon’s voice assistant, to switch on my coffee maker so that a fresh cup of coffee would be ready for me after I got out of the shower.As I had my breakfast, I had Alexa read out my latest emails, as well as highlights of the latest news.I had an early morning meeting in a section of the city I’ve never been to before, so I asked Siri, the voice assistant on my iPhone to give me directions to my destination.I followed Siri’s voice directions till I got to the meeting location, without worrying about getting lost even for a minute.I believe I am not the only one who relies on voice to interact with technology today.Unless you just time travelled from the 18th century, I am willing to bet that you have used voice to interact with a voice assistant at least once in your life.Today, voice assistants have become all the rage.All the large technology companies have invested heavily in voice technology. Google has Google Assistant. Microsoft has Cortana. Apple has Siri. Amazon has Alexa.Owing to the recent and rapid growth of voice technology, a lot of people have adopted voice assistants in their daily life, and the trend is set to continue.According to a report published by Juniper Research, it is estimated that more than half of US households (55%) will have a voice enabled smart speaker by the year 2022.Another report by Adobe Analytics reports that of those who currently own smart speakers such as Google Home and Amazon Echo, 71% interact with the voice assistant at least once every day, and 44% of them interact with the voice assistant several times a day.The use of voice assistants is also changing.As these voice assistants become more prevalent in our lives, they are also making their way into the business world.They are changing the way consumers interact with brands and creating a new aspect of business known as conversational commerce.Conversational commerce started with chatbots, which allowed consumers to interact with brands by way of messaging apps.However, the emergence of voice assistants has greatly expanded conversational commerce and created new opportunities for brands to brands to build greater intimacy with consumers. Currently, conversational commerce is still in its early stages.With the adoption of voice assistants set to increase in the coming years, however, conversational commerce will greatly revolutionize how consumers interact and engage with brands across various stages of the customer relationship lifecycle, from marketing to sales and service.Already, customers have started interacting with companies through voice and are showing a strong preference for this mode of interaction.According to a survey carried out by Capgemini, 24% of those surveyed reported that they would prefer interacting with a brand through a voice assistant rather than through a website.The survey, which involved more than 5000 consumers across Germany, France, UK and the United States, estimates that this figure will rise to 40% within the next three years.20% of the respondents said that they would prefer interacting with a voice assistant rather than visiting a physical shop or bank branch, with the figure set to increase to 31% in the next three years.According to the report, consumer expenditure via voice assistants will grow about six fold within the next three years, from the current 3% of total consumer expenditure to about 18%.Currently, music streaming and searching for information are the most popular uses of voice assistants.However, the use of voice assistants for shopping is steadily growing, with 35% of those who currently use voice assistants reporting that they have used a voice assistant to order clothes, homecare, and groceries.28% of those currently using voice assistants also reported that they have sent money or made a payment through a voice assistant.As voice technology becomes better at handling tasks such as credit c ard payments, it is expected that this number will increase in the near future.WHAT IS DRIVING THE ADOPTION OF VOICE ASSISTANTS BY CONSUMERS?There are a number of factors contributing to the adoption of voice assistants by consumers. These include:Users are Satisfied with their Voice InteractionsBefore fully embracing a technology, users will usually try it out first and then adopt it based on their satisfaction with the technology.Consumers who are already using voice assistants give a very positive report of their experience with voice interactions, regardless of the kind of activity they performed via voice assistant, from ordering groceries to making payments.According to the survey by Capgemini, 71% of those currently using voice assistants are satisfied with their overall experience.For instance, one respondent reported that he found it easier to have his cell phone read out directions to him instead of constantly looking at street names.In addition, four in five of those usin g voice assistants for purchase-related activities are satisfied with their experience.Voice Assistants Provide Speed, Convenience and the Ability to Multi-TaskAccording to the report by Capgemini, 52% of consumers prefer using voice assistants over mobile apps and websites owing to the convenience offered voice assistants, while 48% prefer them because of the ability to carry out tasks hands free.Users also like the fact that there are no restrictions with voice assistants â€" they can be used anywhere and anytime.Capgemini’s survey also found that 41% of consumers prefer shopping through a voice assistant instead of a mobile app or website since the voice assistant allows consumers to automate their routine shopping tasks.Other reasons why users go for voice assistants instead of apps and websites include better personalization to the customer’s needs, better security of customer data, and the fact that interactions with voice assistants feel more natural compared to apps and websites.It almost feels like the customer is speaking to a real person.Ironically, some consumers also prefer interacting with voice assistants in shops and call centers instead of actual humans.People who prefer voice assistants over speaking to a real person feel that voice assistants are faster, more convenient, they provide better quality of service, they understand their concerns better than human assistants, and they are better at automation of shopping tasks.Some users also prefer voice assistants to humans because they feel it is a smarter way to shop and because they don’t want to interact with a sales or customer care representative.Users Find Voice Assistant’s Understanding of Context to be Quite EffectiveContext is a very important aspect of human interactions.Something with a seemingly definitive meaning might have an entirely new meaning in a different context.With the recent advances in voice technology, voice assistants are becoming even smarter.They are learnin g to not only understand what was said, but also to recognize the context in which it was said.A high number of users reported that they would be more likely to use voice assistants for shopping provided the voice assistants can display understanding of context.Users feel that voice assistants that have great understanding of context should be able to understand the users’ accent and diction, provide relevant recommendations based on the users’ needs, create a personalized experience for them, and hold a sensible conversation.Users also feel that voice assistants should be able to anticipate their needs and contribute to the conversation by providing any additional and relevant information that might be helpful to the user.WHY ARE NON-USERS NOT ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT ADOPTING VOICE ASSISTANTS?While the use of voice assistants is steadily growing, a lot of people are still quite apprehensive about using this new technology for shopping and transaction-related tasks.The top reason kee ping people away from voice assistants is security concerns, with 65% of non-users reporting that they don’t trust voice assistants to keep their personal data safe and secure, according to the report by Capgemini.Aside from personal data security concerns, some non-users also don’t feel the need to use voice assistants.In other words, there are no incentives for them to start using voice assistants.Many people also feel like voice assistants are intrusive and want access to personal information that might not even be necessary to ensuring a successful shopping experience.Some people are also apprehensive to voice assistants because they are not comfortable with talking to machines, while others feel that voice assistants are not very good at understanding them.IS CONVERSATIONAL COMMERCE GOOD FOR YOUR BUSINESS?We have already seen how conversational commerce is growing, and some of the reasons why consumers are adopting voice assistants, but is it a good idea to provide consumer s with the option of interacting with your brand through voice?Does conversational commerce offer any tangible benefits to businesses and brands?In their survey, Capgemini found that giving consumers the option to interact with your brand through voice assistants can increase your brand’s Net Promoter Score (NPS) by up to 19 points.The advantage of conversational commerce is even more pronounced in the United States, where brands that provide consumers with voice assistants have an improvement of 25 NPS points on average compared to brands that do not have voice assistants.This shows that voice assistants provide brands with a great opportunity to drive customer satisfaction.Aside from a better Net Promoter Score, providing consumers with a voice assistant has several other benefits. These include:Generating Positive Word-Of-Mouth and Attracting More BusinessThe survey by Capgemini found that consumers who regularly use voice assistants are more likely to do more business with bra nds that provide voice assistants and recommend these brands to their friends compared to brands that do not offer voice assistants.After a positive and satisfactory experience with a voice assistant, consumers who regularly use voice assistants have done one of the following:Started transacting more frequently with the brandMentioned their positive and satisfactory experience to family and friendsIncreased the amount of money they spend with the brandGiven the brand higher ratings and left positive feedback about the brand on social mediaPurchased more products from the brandIronically, this is not only restricted to consumers who regularly use voice assistants.Even non-users of voice assistants reported that on having a positive experience with a brand’s voice assistant.They would increase the number of transactions with the brand, increase the amount of money they spend with the brand, buy more products from the brand, rate the brand highly and leave positive reviews of the bra nd on social media, and mention their positive experience to family and friends.Securing Bigger Consumer SpendThe survey by Capgemini also sought to determine how much consumers were willing to increase their spending with a brand owing to a positive experience with voice assistants.The survey found that, on average, consumers were willing to increase the amount of money they spent with a brand by 5% in return for a positive voice assistant experience.The survey also found out that consumers who already use voice assistants today will increase their spending in consumer products and retail, and services by about 8% on average.HOW TO DEVISE A SOUND CONVERSATIONAL COMMERCE STRATEGY FOR YOUR BRANDSeeing how fast conversational commerce is going mainstream, and the benefits you stand to gain, it is wise to start devising a conversational commerce strategy for your brand.Question is, how exactly do you do this? There are four key steps to devising a sound conversational commerce strategy . These are:Design and Execute Compelling Voice Customer ExperiencesIn a previous research about customer loyalty, Capgemini found that customer loyalty is based on emotions.Brands that can connect with their customers on a human level are able to secure long-term engagement and loyalty from their customers.Fortunately, conversational commerce provides brands with an opportunity to connect with their customers on a human levels and create an emotional connection, thereby enhancing the customer experience while at the same time cultivating customer loyalty.In order to design and execute a great voice experience for your customers, you need to start by understanding what your customers expect from your brand.According to a study done by Cornell University, people’s comfort interacting with a machine-generated voice depends on whether the voice has any human-like characteristics.The more human-like the voice sounds and feels, the more natural the conversation will be perceived to be, and the more likely customers are to feel comfortable interacting with it.Therefore, when building a voice experience for your customers, you should make sure that the experience is as human-like as possible.First and foremost, the voice assistant should be able to understand your customers’ accent and diction. For brands that operate across different geographical regions, this might mean creating a localized voice experience for each geographical market.Aside from the ability to understand accent and diction, the voice assistant should also be able to recognize and respond to context and provide fast, relevant and accurate responses.Designing and executing a great voice experience also requires the elimination of any impediments that might keep potential users from adopting the technology.Use Conversation Intelligence to Better Understand Your CustomersThe rise of digital commerce granted brands access to a lot of information about the likes and dislikes of their customers. Conv ersational commerce takes this a notch higher.Using personal voice assistants allows brands to engage in dialog with consumers and gain better insights into the needs and preferences of the customers, as well as the context that influenced a purchase.This is a treasure trove of information that brands can use to make their voice experience even better for customers.Using this information, brands can customize the voice experience even further and make sure it is tailored for each of the brand’s customer segments.The needs, preferences and usage patterns of each customer segment should be researched, and then the voice experience created to match these needs.For instance, if your voice experience is focused on older people who are not very savvy with digital channels, the voice experience should be focused on simplicity and being as natural as possible.If the target segment is younger people, the voice experience can be focused on offering a highly personalized service and offering deals and promotions that allow them to save money.Come Up With Sound Business Operations Voice SolutionsThe greatest mistake most brands make when implementing a conversational commerce solution is to view the solution in isolation.Conversational commerce should be designed in collaboration with other brand channels, with the aim of providing omni-channel fulfillment.Conversational commerce should also be integrated with other internal business operations of the organization, such as order management, supply chain, marketing and customer relationships management, as well as the touch points through which customers interact with the brand.According to the Capgemini survey, some of the customer touch points where voice assistants can be effectively implemented include searching for products and services, making a shopping list, adding items to a shopping cart, making a purchase, checking the delivery status of orders, providing feedback about products and services, using the custome r support service and making recommendations for the product or service to other potential customers.Implement Technology Solutions that Make the Voice Experience More EfficientTo make the voice experience as efficient and effective as possible, brands need to implement other technology solutions that allow for a seamless, simple, and hyper-personalized customer experience.For instance, retailers like Target and Walmart partnered with Google to create voice experiences that allow consumers to order products using voice via Google Home.This provides a much more seamless experience since consumers are already conversant with Google Home and therefore don’t need to spend any time learning how to use a new service.On the other hand, the information Google has about the consumer makes it easier to provide a more personalized service.When creating a voice experience, it is also important for brands to be proactive in ensuring the security and privacy of consumer data. We saw earlier tha t concerns over the safety and security of personal information is the greatest hindrance to the adoption of conversational commerce by consumers.Lack of trust not only keeps consumers from embracing your brand’s voice experience, it might also affect your brand reputation.To avoid this, brands should alleviate concerns about the safety and security of customers’ personal information by creating strong and transparent privacy policies and ensuring that they stick to these privacy policies.Organizations should also ensure that they have robust security measures in place.Consumers will not share their personal information if this means spending their time worried about your systems being hacked and their personal data getting exposed.By keeping these four key things in mind, your brand can devise and execute a sound conversational commerce strategy.It’s good to keep in mind that the best approach is to building a great voice customer experience is to start small, test what is wo rking and then keep iterating and improving based on your results.PREPARING THE ORGANIZATION FOR CONVERSATIONAL COMMERCEIf your organization is thinking about implementing conversational commerce, it is important to make conversation commerce an integral part of your organization’s overall digital customer experience strategy.If you view it as an isolated project, you will not be able to take full advantage of this new channel.In addition, organizations should also ensure that the implementation of the voice strategy is driven by the top leadership.The adoption of conversational commerce might have significant changes for the organization, such as the complete replacement of human interactions with voice assistants.This might call for a change in the organization’s hiring practices and a need for upskilling in the teams whose tasks will be taken over by voice assistants.All these changes might present a challenge if the digital strategy is not driven by the top leadership.WRAPPI NG UPConversational commerce has created new opportunities for businesses and brands to interact with their customers in new and innovative ways and create deeper connections that drive long-term customer engagement.As voice technology becomes more advanced and more commonplace, it is inevitable that voice will become the dominant channel through which consumers interact with brands.If they want to remain competitive, brands must start taking advantage of this new opportunity and increase the available options for consumers to engage with and interact with the brands.

Being a Hero in The Histories of Herodotus Essay - 1662 Words

Many people consider him the father of history; others prefer to call him the father of lies. Whatever may be your perception of Herodotus’ work, the truth is that Herodotus began a new manner of writing history in which human psychology takes a fundamental place. He was the first historian who really considered the reasons why things happen and did not limit his narrative to just facts. His book The Histories evidences all the distinctive features that he employs through his description of facts as well as the intrinsic analysis that he includes to his storyline about controversial topics like the definition of what heroes really are. Indeed, The Histories’ book 7 reveals Herodotus’ astonishing and unique view of heroism. During his†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, Leonidas showed a great affiliation to his nation’s traditions and customs during his life. He never gave up in his defense for freedom because he knew it was his responsibility to stay and fight bravely for his nation. As Demaratus told Xerxes, â€Å"there is no way they will ever accept any terms of slavery† (Herodotus 176) and Leonidas never did. Demaratus also said that Spartans would oppose Xerxes â€Å"in battle even if all the other Greeks come around to your way of thinking† (Herodotus 176) and, although this was not the case, Leonidas always acted as a man of values who would never give up. In fact, he never thought about the possibility of giving up. Leonidas was a fighter, a man who would fight until his last drop of blood was spilled, a Spartan. We see, therefore, a big difference between Xerxes and Leonidas. While Xerxes is a powerful king who does not care about his culture’s trait, Leonidas was a brave king who always follows his culture’s traditions. Consequently, according to Herodotus’ point of view, Leonidas’ is the truly heroic king because he follows his culture’s traits under any circum stances. Herodotus does not think of a hero as just a passionate fighter, but also as a humble person. This is another characteristic that is contrary to Xerxes’ personality. He was a very arrogant person with great power, which made him think he may do whatever heShow MoreRelatedHerodotus: The Battle of Thermopylae in The 300 Spartans1127 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout Herodotus’ The Histories. Herodotus highlights the alliance of the Greek city-states during the Persian Wars, also discussing the disunity and betrayal amongst the Greeks. Additionally, Herodotus embellishes on the heroism and leadership of characters that fought relentlessly to preserve Greece while demonstrating their superior expertise. Herodotus continually exaggerates the importance of the gods and their influence on the decisions of the Greeks. It is these themes that allow Herodotus toRead MoreThe Law Of The Code Of Hammurabi825 Words   |  4 Pagesabandonment (Hammurabi, 158), or being exiled (Hammur abi, 154). Important issues of morality were laid out and dealt with. As incest was an important idea to this culture, written history was important to others. The various ethics used to form a distinct culture can be seen in other mediums, not just law codes. One form is written history as seen in Histories by Herodotus. Herodotus is not a political leader; he is just an author who wishes to document history. His moral beliefs led him to viewRead MoreStyles of Historiography: Herodotus vs Einhard940 Words   |  4 PagesThe Styles of Historiography: Herodotus vs. Einhard Herodotus and Einhard write history in two completely different styles. Einhard’s style is about giving specific details, while Herodotus’s style is about giving his own personal opinions and information that he has from secondary sources. The biggest effect of the difference amongst the two historian’s style of writing is the fact that Einhard’s history of Charlemagne’s life gives information that makes it seem as if the events wereRead MoreThe Truth Behind The Myth1471 Words   |  6 PagesTruth Behind the Myth Greek literature can be looked at as being indispensable when trying to understand the past. Many scholars have spent great lengths of time studying and interpreting the different works that have come to be most identified as Greek literature. In many of these works they can be looked at as having fairytale-like qualities in the way that magic and folklore is intertwined into historical perspectives. History plays an important role in greek literature, it breathes lifeRead MoreModern and Ancient Interpretations of Xerxes Essays1001 Words   |  5 Pagesmade great.† Other reliefs portray Xerxes as a great hunter, hero and warrior. 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When it comes to history it is important to be able to differentiate between historical fact, fiction, and exaggerations. One must be careful when looking at an event such as the battle of Thermopylae, because of all of the myths surroundingRead MoreThe Persian Royal Road Improve Governing And Communism Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesPersian Empire? The land was too big for the king to rule, so the Satraps were basically like governors who governed their area of land. Why was the Persian king’s entourage a symbol of his power and influence? Like any entourage, the person who is being followed usually has a lot of wealth and is very respected. We can infer that it symbolized power and wealth. Which Persian king was known as a lawgiver and why was this label applied to them? Arius was considered to be the law giver and it is becauseRead MoreThe Greek Way Chapter Summaries4049 Words   |  17 Pagesmeaning for people of later generations. 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Cheating Is A Common Incident - 2921 Words

Relationship cheating is a very common incident. If you haven’t experienced it yet, there’s a good chance you eventually will. In this paper I’ll show you how often cheating happens, the definition of cheating, what constitutes cheating, and how to deal with it with sources from the internet and a story called â€Å"The Girls in Their Summer Dresses,† by Irwin Shaw. Everyone has different opinions on what is cheating, especially if it s between male and female. This seems to be slightly true because people have a hard time being completely honest and because men and women just think differently. Slightly more than half of all married people will cheat on their spouses at some point in their lives. Men apparently cheat more often than women, but there isn t much of a difference. In â€Å"Girls in Their Summer Dresses,† The main characters are married to each other, Frances and Michael. Michael had cheated on Frances earlier in the marriage, yet still wanted more woman knowing he was married to her. Frances has said to Michael, â€Å" You look at them as though you want them, every one of them.† Michael answered, â€Å"In a way that s true. I don t do anything about it, but its true†Show MoreRelatedClassroom Incidents957 Words   |  4 PagesClassroom Incidents Name University Classroom Incidents A classroom incident is an unexpected event that occurs in a classroom causing disturbance or presenting a safety risk. A classroom incident can affect a teacher, a student or all the members of the classroom. There are many critical incidents that have occurred between teachers and students or among students. A critical classroom incident either spoils the student-student relationship or the teacher-student relationship. Past classroomRead MoreWhat Does The Inner Workings Of Your Mind?844 Words   |  4 Pagescomplementary the inner workings of your mind are to your friend’s. 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Chapter 19 Free Essays

Chapter 19 Free Essays Audit of the Acquisition and Payment Cycle: Tests of Controls, Substantive Tests of Transactions, and Accounts Payable. Chapter 19  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 1 Learning Objective 1 Identify the accounts and the classes of transactions in the acquisition and payment cycle.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 2 Transactions in the Acquisition and Payment Cycle 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Acquisitions of goods and services 2. Cash disbursements 3. Purchase returns and allowances and purchase discounts 2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 3 Accounts in the Acquisition and Payment Cycle Cash in Bank Accounts Payable Cash Acquisitions disbursements of goods and services Purchase returns and allowances Purchase discounts Raw Material Purchases Purchase Returns and Allowances Property, Plant and Equipment Purchase Discounts Prepaid Expenses  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 4 Accounts in the Acquisition and Payment Cycle Manufacturing Expense Control Account Subsidiary accounts Repair and maintenance Taxes, Supplies Freight in, Utilities Accounts Payable Acquisitions of goods and services Selling Expense Control Account Subsidiary accounts Commissions Travel, delivery expenses Repairs, Advertising Administrative Expense Control Account Subsidiary accounts Supplies, Officers’ travel Legal fees Auditing fees, Taxes  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 5 Learning Objective 2 Describe the business functions and the related documents and records in the acquisition and payment cycle.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 9 – 6 Classes of Transactions and Accounts Acquisitions: ? ? ? ? Inventory Property, plant, and equipment Prepaid expenses Leasehold improvements ? Accounts ? payable Manufacturing expenses ? Selling and administrative expenses 19 – 7  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Classes of Transactions and Accounts Cash disbursements: ? Cash in bank (from cas h disbursements) payable Purchase discounts ? Accounts ?  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 8 Business Functions in the Cycle Processing purchase orders ? Receiving goods and services ? Recognizing the liability ? Processing and recording cash disbursements  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 9 Related Documents and Reports Processing purchase orders: ? Purchase requisition ? Purchase order Receiving goods and services: ? Receiving report  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 10 Related Documents and Reports Recognizing the liability: ? Vendor’s invoice ? Debit memo ? Voucher ? Acquisitions transaction file 2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 11 Related Documents and Reports Recognizing the liability: ? Acquisitions journal or listing ? Accounts payable master file ? Accounts payable trial balance ? Vendor’s statement  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 12 Related Documents and Reports Processing and recording cash disbursements: ? Check ? Cash disbursements transaction file ? Cash disbursements journal or listing  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 13 Learning Objective 3 Describe how e-commerce affects the acquisition of goods and service.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 14 How E-Commerce Affects the Acquisition and Payment Cycle Internet-based technologies allow for electronic linkages between suppliers and customers. Information about products is available over the Internet.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 15 How E-Commerce Affects the Acquisition and Payment Cycle Some companies use extranets which allow companies to communicate and conduct business in a secure setting. Other companies use business-to-business auctions hosted on the Internet to negotiate purchases.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 16 Learning Objective 4 Understand internal control, and design and perform tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for the acquisition and payment cycle.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 17 Methodology for Designing Controls and Substantive Tests Understand internal control – acquisitions and cash disbursements Assess planned control risk – acquisitions and cash disbursements Determine extent of testing controls Design tests of controls and Audit procedures substantive tests of transactions Sample size for acquisitions and cash Items to select disbursements to meet Timing transaction-related audit objectives  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 18 Understand Internal Control ? Study the client’s flowcharts ? Review internal control questionnaires ? Perform walk-through tests  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 19 Assess Planned Control Risk ? Authorization of purchases Separation of asset custody from other functions ? Timely recording and independent review of transactions ? Authorization of payments  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 20 Determine Extent of Testing of Controls ? The auditor identifies the key internal controls and weaknesses and assesses control risk ? The auditor perf orms tests of controls to obtain evidence that controls are operating effectively  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 21 Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions for Acquisitions ? Recorded acquisitions are for goods and services received (occurrence) ? Existing acquisitions are recorded (completeness) ? Acquisitions are accurately recorded (accuracy)  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 22 Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions for Acquisitions ? Acquisitions are correctly included in the master files (posting and summarization) ? Acquisitions are correctly classified (classification) ? Acquisitions are recorded on the correct dates (timing)  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 23 Attributes Sampling Because of the importance of tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for acquisitions and cash disbursements, the use of attributes sampling is common in this audit area.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 24 Important Differences ? Larger number of transactions ? Significant judgment ? Wide range of dollar amount  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 25 Learning Objective 5 Describe the methodology for designing tests of details of balances for accounts payable using the audit risk model. 2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 26 Methodology for Designing Tests of Balances for Accounts Payable Identify client business risks affecting accounts payable Phase I Set tolerable misstatement and assess inherent risk Phase I for accounts payable Assess control risk for the acquisition and payment cycl e Phase I 19 – 27  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Methodology for Designing Tests of Balances for Accounts Payable Design and perform tests of controls and substantive tests Phase II of transactions for the acquisition and payment cycle 2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 28 Methodology for Designing Tests of Balances for Accounts Payable Design and perform analytical procedures Phase III for accounts payable balance Design tests of Audit procedures details of accounts Sample size payable balance to satisfy balanceItems to select related audit Timing objectives  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Phase III 19 – 29 Learning Objective 6 Design and perform analytical procedures for accounts payable.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 9 – 30 Analytical Procedures for the Acquisition a nd Payment Cycle Analytical procedure Compare acquisition-related expense account balances with prior years. Possible misstatement Misstatement of accounts payable and expenses Review list of accounts payable Classification misstatement for nontrade liabilities for unusual, nonvendor, and interest-bearing payables  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 31 Analytical Procedures for the Acquisition and Payment Cycle Analytical procedure Compare individual accounts payable with previous years Possible misstatement Unrecorded or nonexistent accounts, or misstatements Calculate ratios, such as Unrecorded or nonexistent purchases divided by accounts accounts, or misstatements payable, and accounts payable divided by current liabilities  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 32 Learning Objective 7 Design and perform tests of details of balances for accounts payable, including out-of-period liability tests.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 33 Out-of-Period Liability Tests Examine underlying documentation for subsequent cash disbursements ? Examine underlying documentation for bills not paid several weeks after the year-end ? Trace receiving reports issued before year-end to related vendors’ invoices  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 34 Out-of-Period Liability Tests ? Trace vendors’ statements that show a balance due to the accounts payable trial balance ? Send confirmations to vendors with which the client does business  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 35 Cutoff Tests ? Relationship of cutoff to physical observation of inventory ? Inventory in transit ? ? FOB destination FOB origin  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 36 Learning Objective 8 Distinguish the reliability of vendors’ invoices, vendors’ statements, and confirmations of accounts payable as audit evidence.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 37 Reliability of Evidence ? Distinction between vendors’ invoices and vendors’ statements ? Difference between vendors’ statements and confirmations 2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 38 Sample Size Sample sizes for accounts payable tests vary considerably, depending on many factors. Statistical sampling is less commonly used for the audit of accounts payable than for accounts receivable.  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12 /e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 39 Types of Audit Tests for the Acquisition and Payment Cycle Cash in Bank Payments Audited by TOC, STOT, and AP Accounts Payable Acquisition Expenses Expenses Audited by TOC, STOT, and AP Ending balance Audited by AP and TDB Ending balance Audited by AP TOC + STOT + AP + TDB = Sufficient appropriate evidence per GAAS  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 40 Types of Audit Tests for the Acquisition and Payment Cycle Accounts Payable Acquisition Assets Acquisition of assets Audited by TOC, STOT, and AP Ending balance Audited by AP and TDB TOC + STOT + AP + TDB = Sufficient appropriate evidence per GAAS  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 41 End of Chapter 19  ©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder 19 – 42 How to cite Chapter 19, Papers

Writing A Process Analysis Essay - Topics and Example

Students panic at the sight of different essays. They get overwhelmed just by looking at the strange names of different types of essays. If you are facing the same situation because you got assigned a process analysis essay and don’t know what it is then you are at the right place. Essay writing sure sounds like a complicated task, but with the help of this step-by-step guide we aim to make it much easier to understand and craft. Quick Links 1. What is a Process Analysis Essay? 2. How to Write a Process Analysis Essay? 3. Choosing A Topic 3.1 Process Analysis Essay Topics 4. Process Analysis Essay Structure 4.1 Process Analysis Essay Example (PDf) 4.2 Process Analysis Essay Template (PDF) 1. What is a Process Analysis Essay? A process analysis essay is a simple piece of writing that answers how to and what questions. In other words, it what a particular thing or task is and how is it done? Process analysis essay is a type of expository essays, where the aim is to inform the reader about each step of the process at hand. Explain the process in such a way that even the most difficult task is easy to understand and perform. Here is a blog that will help you understand writing an expository essay in a better way. Think of writing a process analysis paper as writing a recipe, where you point out all the required ingredients with the directions telling what to do at each step. Remember that the steps describing how a certain process takes place must always be presented in a sequential order. 2. How to Write a Process Analysis Essay? Process essay writing isn't as difficult as it sounds. All you need to show is how a certain action or process is done. Simply describe and explain the steps involved and you are good to go. The first step of writing a process essay is to have a topic to write on. You can't explain how something is done when you don't know what it is, can you? You can even craft a process essay on the topic How to write a process essay? How interesting is that? However, we have a list of some interesting topics that will help you write an informative essay. 3. Choosing A Topic Most high school or college teachers leave the job of finding the essay topic with the students. If you have the liberty to choose your desired topic then keep the following points in mind: Go for a topic you are well aware of Keep your reader's interest in mind Narrow your focus Use words to explain the process instead of pictures The topic must be relevant to your subject 3.1 Process Analysis Essay Topics Here are a few topic ideas to get you started: How can the citizens prevent civil wars from taking place? How can an addict let go of harmful addictions with the help of meditation? How to survive College living on a tight budget? How can one apply for College abroad? How can we survive recession if governments work together? How do Muslims pray? How can one become a millionaire by the age of 30? How to prepare for a College admission interview? Explain how our immune system works to protect the human body. Explain the role of semantic memory in psychoanalysis. 4. Process Analysis Essay Structure In order to start a process essay logically it is suggested that you follow a defined outline or structure. Similar to other types of papers, a process essay structure also comprises an introduction, body and conclusion. The only different elements here are the body paragraphs, where you don't need to present a claim and support it with evidence. You don't have to look up facts or evidence to prove your point as all you are stating is a simple direction. Introduction Introduce your main topic in a few words. Describe the purpose of the process. Briefly explain why this process is useful and worth learning. Describe the risks or side effects as well as the expected results if the steps are followed correctly. Body Divide the entire process into different steps. Present each step in a separate paragraph. Use transitional words to move from one paragraph to another smoothly. Adopt a descriptive writing style. Conclusion Summarize the overall steps of the process. Don't repeat the instructions or ingredients. Highlight the main stages. Give some notes or pointers if needed. Explain the results. 4.1 Process Analysis Essay Example 4.2 Process Analysis Essay Template Get Professional Help We hope that you were able to understand process analysis essays a little better with the help of this guide. If you are stick stuck or need some professional assistance with your essay, our expert essay writers are available to lend a helping hand. Reach out to us today and get a perfectly crafted, A-grade worthy process essay!